在出国留学文书中如何描述工作经历

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留学个人陈述PS是Personal

Statement的简称，是我们申请美国研究生院的重要材料之一。一份完美的PS有可能使你申请成功的机会大大增加，同时PS也是很好的认识你自己的过程。通过写PS，你将更了解你自己，清楚自己想要什么样的生活，理清自己为什么要去美国，以后将要成为什么样的人。

这对申请者来说至关重要，对admission

officer来说，PS是你唯一有机会向他们展示一个鲜活的你的材料。成绩单是死的，GRE和TOEFL分数是死的，而他们要找的是一个活生生的人，是一个有血有肉有思想的人，他们在众多的申请者中寻找最适合他们的那一位，你如何认识你自己?你的motivation来自哪里?你将来如何打算?这些东西都可以帮助他们走进你，了解你，认识你，然后决定是不是接受你。

U of Washington的admission officer指出，他们会把申请者分成四等："Admit with guaranteed

funding, Admit with potential funding, Tabled (a sort of admissions purgatory),

and Reject." It is in the case of "Tabled" and "Admit with potential funding"

applications, the admissions officer reports, that the personal statement can

make a real difference: "If there is a good match between the applicant's

research interests and the particular strengths of the school, this can bump

them up a level or two in the hierarchy of admission."

如何写留学个人陈述?从PS教程中，我将总结出写PS的各项注意点，一步步教你怎么写PS，希望对大家有所帮助。

Preparation

PS的精髓在于将自己的motivation和Objective充分展现出来，它应该是personaland analytical,

任何generalization都需要避免，PS的关键在于用specific, personal

details来展现你的个人魅力和强烈的motivation。

写PS时，要尽量完全的真诚。这是诉说一个你自己的故事，你不是在设法创造一个理想的申请者，而是just be

yourself。任何的伪造都是很容易被识破的，只有完全敞开的真诚，才能真正打动admission

officer，也才能真正的认识你自己，才能真正让你选择最适合你的graduate program。

用specific details来展现你的motivation很重要。这些specific

details可以包括研究和工作经历、课程、你跟你所感兴趣的领域的人的交流、你读的书、你参加的学术报告会，以及任何可以展现你为何选择并适合这个研究领域的原因。

你需要明确你未来的方向，至少为自己未来5~10年的事业做一个规划，而这个规划应该很适合你所申请的这个graduate

program，那也正是你选择这个领域的原因。

描述为什么这个graduate program适合你，不要用一些空洞的赞美性的语言，一定要be specific, be

analytical。

一定不要出现一些粗心的错误，那只能证明你不够认真对待。

避免说一些空洞无意义的套话，避免陈词滥调。这里可以举个例子。

修改前：In the first project Imanaged, I learned many valuable lessons about

the importance of teamwork.

修改后：In the first project Imanaged, I made an effort to incorporate all my

colleagues as equal members ofa team, soliciting their feedback and deferring to

their expertise as needed.

修改前的这句话很空洞的讲team

work，没有任何details;修改后的话就展开讲了我是怎么展现teamwork的。在写PS的时候一定要注意展开这些细节。最好的方法就是以自己的亲身经历开始，让那些展现你的quality和personality的东西自然流露出来，你的那些品质不需要总结性的generalities,

人们会从你对自己经历的specific details的描述判断出你有哪些quality。

不要企图把你所有的经历都写进PS里，PS追求的不是广度，而是深度。好的PS是深入挖掘一个或两个主题、时间或观点的细节。

注意避免敏感话题，因为你不知道admission officer的个人偏见。

不要用冗余的长句。短句更加有力，因为他们更加direct和to the point。举例：

修改前："My recognitionof the fact that the project was finally over was a

deeply satisfying momentthat will forever linger in my memory."

修改后："Completing theproject at last gave me an enduring sense of

fulfillment."

像the fact that这种词就是完全冗余的。

Brainstorming

1. Performa self-inventory of Your Unique Experiences, Major Influences,

and Abilities.

Long and short term goals

1. 这所学校为什么吸引你

2. 你对哪个faculty的研究最感兴趣?你最想跟谁一起工作?

3. 你具体想从你所申请的program中获得什么?

4. 你的事业抱负是什么?这个graduate program对你实现事业理想有什么帮助?

5. 你理想的工作的是什么?未来的5~10年甚至20、30年，你想成为一个什么样的人?

Skills and Characteristics

6. 你有哪些品质有助于你在该领域获得成功?You need to make strong connections between your

experiences and the qualities you wish to convey.

这里列举一些admission officer认为很重要的qualities：

Seriousness of Purpose (to pursue graduate education)

Intellectual Ability (to handle graduate study)

Intellectual Curiosity (about the field you wish to enter)

Creativity (as reflected in the way your mind addresses issues in the

field of your choice)

Open-Mindedness (to ideas, people, and circumstances different from your

own)

Maturity (as demonstrated by being responsible and trustworthy)

Concern for Others (either by devoting time to social service activities

such as tutoring or by being considerate and empathetic to others' feelings; the

latter is more difficult to pull off in an application essay)

Initiative (as in the ability to start a project or take on a

responsibility on your own)

Enthusiasm (as demonstrated by your eagerness to engage in

activities)

Confidence (in your ability to handle difficult situations and novel

challenges)

Being Organized (as in the ability to stay on top of multiple tasks)

Sense of Humor (as in your ability to find humor in difficult situations;

in many ways this is an index of maturity)

Diligence/Persistence (as demonstrated by your ability to stay with a

task until you complete it; this is particularly relevant for programs requiring

a dissertation)

Leadership (as shown in your ability to inspire others to work together

to reach a mutual goal)

Risk Taking (as shown in your ability to deal with uncertainty in order

to reach your goal)

Insight (as reflected in your ability to use introspection to understand

aspects of yourself, such as your preferences and your motivations)

Optimism (as reflected in your ability to find positive aspects in

seemingly negative situations)

Compromise (as in your ability to be flexible in negotiating with others;

at a more abstract level this can mean the ability to reconcile ideological

opposites or dialectical pairs among others or within yourself)

Overcoming Adversity (as demonstrated by your resourcefulness in dealing

with serious problems such as divorce, death, illness, etc.)

7. 你所拥有的skills(比如communication,leadership, analytical)，注意用specific

details来展示你的这些skills

8. 你比其他申请者的优势在哪里?

9. 你可以贡献给你所申请的学校哪些东西?(给你的fellow students，你的faculty,你的broader community)

10. 你认为你为什么会在这个program的申请中胜出?

11.让admission officers对你感兴趣的最compelling的原因是什么?

Background/Accomplishments: Personal

12. What's special, unique, distinctive, or impressive about you or your

life story? What details of your life (personal or family problems/history, any

genuinely notable accomplishments, people or events that have shaped you or

influenced your goals) might help the committee better understand you or help

set you apart from other applicants? 哪些人影响了你的选择?

13. Have you had to overcome any unusual obstacles or hardships (e.g.,

economic, familial, physical) in your life? 你所必须克服的困难?

14. Have you borne significant care-giving responsibilities for family

members? For an ailing parent, a sibling, a disabled or aging relative, a child?

How has this impacted your academics? Your professional life? Your goals and

values? 你从小就需要照顾什么人吗?囧，这点对独生子女不利哎。。。

15. (If you live in U.S. but are not a native-born American) How did you

deal with the challenges of moving to the U.S. from your home? Did you

experience culture shock? How did you adapt? What was most difficult for you?

What aspects of your new home did you enjoy the most?

在美国如何适应的问题，看来美国交流经历还在这个personal方面可以起到一些作用~

16. If work experiences have consumed significant periods of time during

your college years, what have you learned (leadership or managerial skills, for

example), and how has the work contributed to your personal growth?

Background/Accomplishments: Academic

17. When did you originally become interested in this field? What have you

since learned about it-and about yourself-that has further stimulated your

interest and reinforced your conviction that you are well suited to this field?

What insights have you gained? 你如何对这个领域感兴趣的?

18. How have you learned about this field-through classes, readings,

seminars, work or other experiences, or conversations with people already in the

field?

19. Are there any gaps or discrepancies in your academic record that you

should explain?

20. Can you recall a specific incident that convinced you that you had

chosen the right career path?用一个具体的事例来证明你为何选择了正确的道路

2. Consult Friends, Relatives, Colleagues, or Professors for Ideas

别人往往可以看到你性格特征中你自己没有注意到的地方，所以向别人请教可以帮助你更好地了解自己。不妨来做一个调查问卷，向了解你的请教~

I am applying to _________ and must prepare a personal statement as a part

of that process. I want to be sure to include all relevant data about myself and

my background, so I am soliciting information from various individuals who know

me and whose judgment I value. Thank you for your help.

1. What do you think is most important for the admissions committee to know

about me?

2. What do you regard as most unusual, distinctive, unique, and/or

impressive about me (based on our association)?

3. Are you aware of any events or experiences in my background that might

be of particular interest to those considering my application to graduate

school?

4. Are there any special qualities or skills that I possess that tend to

make you think I would be successful in graduate school and in the field to

which I aspire to become a part?

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