20世纪加拿大经济状况

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THE ECONOMY IMPROVES

By the mid-1920s the economy started to improve.

2. Wheat was an important export, there was enormousgrowth in the exploitation of natural resources and in manufacturing.

3. Demand for Canadian pulp and paper increased: newmills were built.

4. Mining also boomed; lead, zinc, silver, and copperwere produced for export, used in the production of consumer goods like radiosand home appliances.

5. Expansion of forest and mining industries increaseddemand for hydro-electric power; new hydro-generating stations wereconstructed.

The United States Invests inCanada’s Economy

1. U.S. companies invested in pulp and paper mills andmines across Canada.? Almost 75% of thenewsprint produced in Canada was exported to the U.S., and most of the metalsmined in Canada were used in U.S. –made products such as automobiles andradios.

2. U.S. investors set up branch plants businesses owned and controlled by companies in theU.S., but which operated in Canada.

3. By the end of the 1920s, the Canadian auto industryhad been taken over by the “Big Three”U.S. auto companies – General Motors,Ford, and Chrysler.

4. U.S. companies also owned a high proportion ofCanada’s oil business, nearly half the machinery and chemical industries, andover half the rubber and electrical companies.

5. The U.S. enriched Canada’s economy by extracting orharvesting raw materials (primaryindustries), but these materials were all transported to the U.S. forprocessing and manufacturing (secondaryindustries). The U.S. economy benefited most.

Bootlegging Across the Border

1. One product that Canada exported in largequantities to the U.S.: illegal alcohol.

2. During WW I, the Woman’s Christian Temperance Unionand similar organizations succeeded in bringing about Prohibition, which banned the manufacture and sale of alcoholicbeverages in Canada.

3. bootlegger – someone who sold alcohol illegally, or who made “bathtub gin,” homemade alcohol.

4. By 1920 Prohibition was too unpopular with mostCanadians.

From 1921 on, most provincial governments decidedto regulate sales of alcohol rather than ban the product.

5. In a series of plebiscites(votes on a public issue), Canadians eventually adopted government-controlledliquor outlets.

6. In the U.S. Prohibition continued until 1933, soCanadians saw the opportunity to supply the U.S. with illegal liquor.

Rum-running– smuggling alcohol into the U.S.– became common and profitable.

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　limestone：石灰石

　linear：直线的

　lipid：脂质，类脂

　lithium：锂

　litmus：石蕊

　magnesium：镁

　metalloid：类金属

　methane：甲烷

　methanoic acid：甲酸

　methanol：甲醇

　monomer：单体

　neon：氖

　neutralization：中和

　nickel：镍

　nitrate：硝酸盐

　nitric acid：硝酸

　nitrogen：氮

　noble gases：稀有气体

　oxide：氧化物

　oxidation agent：氧化剂

　ozone：臭氧

　periodic table：元素周期表

　permanganate：高锰酸

　petroleum：石油

　phenolphthalein：酚酞

　phosphorus：磷

　planar：平面的.

　platinum：铂

　polar：极性的

　polymer：聚合物

　potassium：钾

　precipitation：沉淀

　propane：丙烷

　propanoic acid：丙酸

　propanol：丙醇

　propene：丙烯

　pure substance：纯净物

　reactive：活泼的

　redox：氧化还原

　reducing agent：还原剂

　reversible reaction：可逆反应

　shared paris of electrons：共用电子对

　silicon：硅

　sodium：钠

　solvent：溶剂

　starch：淀粉

　sublime：升华

　sulphate：硫酸盐

　sulphur：硫

　sulphuric acid：硫酸

　suspension：悬浮液

　tetrahedral：四面体

　titration：滴定

　torr：托耳(压强单位)

　triple bonds：三键

　van der Waals' force：范德华力

　volatile：易挥发的

　zinc：锌

　acid：酸

　activated complex：活化络合物

　activation energy：活化能

　aggregate：聚合

　alkali metals：碱金属

　alkaline earth metals：碱土金属

　alkane：烷烃

　alkene：烯烃

　alkyne：炔烃

　allotropy：同素异形体

　alloy：合金

　aluminum：铝

　ammonia：氨

　amorphous：非晶体

　amphoteric：两性的

　anode：阳极

　anomalous：不规则的

　aqueous：水溶液

　argon：氩

　Avogadro's law：阿佛加德罗定律

　barium：钡

　bauxite：铝土矿

　bleaching：漂白

　bond：键

　boron：硼

　brass：黄铜

　bromine：湨

　buret：滴定管

　calcium：钙

　calory：卡路里

　carbohydrate：碳水化合物

　carbon dioxide：二氧化碳

　carbon monoxide：一氧化碳

　carbonate：碳酸盐

　carboxylic acid：羧酸

　catalyst：催化剂

　cathode reaction：阴极反应

　cellulose：纤维素

　chlorine：氯

　chromium：铬

　coefficient：系数

　combination reaction：化合反应

　combustion：燃烧

　composition：组成

　compound：化合物

　concentrated：浓的

　concentration：浓度

　condensation：冷凝

　covalent bond：共价键

　cracking：裂解

　crude oil：原油

　crystal：晶体

　deoxyribose：脱氧核糖

　diatomic molecule：双原子分子

　diffusion：扩散

　dilute：稀的

　displacement reaction：置换反应

　distillation：蒸馏

　double bonds：双键

　dynamic equilibrium：动态平衡

　electrolysis：电解

　elcetrolyte：电解质

　electronic configuration：电子排布

　element：元素

　empirical formula：经验式

　endothermic：吸热的

　enthalpy：焓

　erosion：腐蚀

　ethanoic acid：乙酸

　ethanol：乙醇

　ethene：乙烯

　evaporation：蒸发

　exothermic：放热的

　extraction：提炼

　filtering：过滤

　flame test：焰色反应

　fluorine：氟

　fractional distillation：分馏

　freezing point：凝固点

　glucose：葡萄糖

　glycogen：糖原

　graphite：石墨

　greenhouse effect：温室效应

　Haber process：哈伯法(制氨)

　halogen：卤素

　helium：氦

　homologous series：同系物

　hydrocarbon：烃

　hydrogen：氢

　hydrogen chloride：氯化氢

　hydrogen peroxide：过氧化氢

　hydronium ion：水合氢离子

　hydroxide：氢氧根

　indicator：指示剂

　iodine：碘

　isomerism：同素异形体

　le Chatelier's principle：勒沙特列原理

　lead：铅

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